Chlorine, Cancer, and Drinking Water

Anahad O’Connor of The New York Times explores the claim that chlorinated drinking water increases the risk of cancer. The conclusion? It’s a little murky:
Some studies have found a link to cancer; others have not. The most reliable findings may be those of meta-analyses, large studies that pool results of many smaller ones. Three such meta-analyses, in 1992, 2003 and 2004, linked long-term consumption of chlorinated water to small increases in the rates of bladder cancer, particularly in men. The analyses adjusted for other risk factors, like age, socioeconomic status and smoking. Some studies analyzed were from the 1970’s, before federal standards for chlorine byproducts were tightened.


Several agencies, including the World Health Organization, say the evidence is weak and point out that any risk from chlorine byproducts is tiny compared with risks associated with nonchlorinated water. Many countries that have relaxed chlorination standards have seen outbreaks of cholera and other diseases.
Dr. Fuhrman is leery of chlorine himself, here’s how he deals with it in his swimming pool:
I swim in our chlorinated pool in the summer, but I use a mineral treatment that significantly reduces the amount of chlorine and I use chlorine only periodically when we are not using the pool much for a few days.
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Health Points: Friday

Food and Drug Administration and state officials don't know the cause of the outbreak, although raw, packaged spinach appears likely. "We're advising people not to eat it," said Dr. David Acheson of the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.

Eight states were reporting a total of 50 cases of E. coli, Acheson said Thursday.
Long-neglected, school breakfast is becoming a sought-after market for business. At the same time, that business is driving participation in an underused government social program. Earlier this month, Kellogg Co. began selling its own breakfast-in-a-box to schools, which includes cereal, a Pop-Tart or graham crackers, and juice. Tyson Foods Inc. is adapting its popular lunchtime chicken nuggets and patties into smaller sizes for breakfast. Scores of other companies also are pitching breakfast items to schools.

As companies try to cash in on the before-the-bell market, they are fueling a debate about how to best serve hungry children. Nutritionists, trying to combat childhood obesity, say ideally, breakfast offerings should contain fresh fruit and more whole grains. But they also acknowledge that many children come to school hungry, without having eaten any breakfast at all.
My nurse has to chase me around clinic during the fall season, when it happens to be flu shot season... I always try to put it off as long as possible, and my flu shot sits in the fridge for several days, with my name in BIG BOLD letters attached to the syringe. Every morning my nurse asks me if this is the day, and I nervously squeak out a "maybe, but not right now", and the cycle continues until I finally break down and agree to have that thing jabbed into my arm. And everyone who knows me will attest to the fact that I am NO silent complainer...

Anyway, guess what? Flu shot season is just around the corner. One of my nurses has announced that they are now available for this year, and I have reluctantly signed up, once again with great fear and trepidation. Yes, I am a pathetic cowardly creature, but everyone's got a phobia... right?
The WHO will say that "indoor residual spraying, including with DDT, has been underutilized, which has hampered international efforts to effectively combat malaria in Africa," said a Bush administration official, speaking on condition of anonymity.

The U.S. government already has decided to pay for DDT and other indoor insecticide use as part of President Bush's $1.2 billion, five-year initiative to control malaria in Africa.
Basically the advice is this:

Wait at least 1/2 hour after taking immediate release aspirin before taking ibuprofen. Wait 8 hours after taking 400 mg. of ibuprofen before taking aspirin.

The above advice does not apply to the popular enteric coated aspirin (ECASA) whose absorption is slower and 1/2 hour may not be long enough for aspirin to complete its inhibition of cyclooxygenase.The FDA did not believe there was adequate evidence to make specific recommendations regarding other NSAIDs-other than a general cautionary note.

Living Near Landfills

A popular item of discussion on DiseaseProof is the benefits of only feeding kids organically grown fruits and vegetables, as it relates to limiting their exposure to pesticides. In previous posts Dr. Fuhrman has discussed the merits of organic food in detail, and has made the case that produce isn't such a huge source of toxins. The real concern is preserving chemical-free surroundings:
We must be careful not to expose our children to chemical cleaners, insecticides, and weed killers on our lawns. Chemicals used in pressure-treated wood used to build lawn furniture, decks, fences, and swings sets have been shown to place children at risk. When children are around, we must be vigilant to maintain a chemical-free environment.
In some cases this is easier said than done. According to Reuters New York State has nearly 900 hazadarous waste sites and contaminated bodies of water, as a result children living near these areas have a higher frequency of respiratory infections:
Dr. David O. Carpenter, director of the Institute for Health and the Environment, at the State University of New York at Albany, said these results are consistent with the hypothesis that simply living near a waste site constitutes a risk of exposure to contaminants, presumably by air transport, and that these chemicals can reduce immune system function and lead to more infections…


… Carpenter, who reported the study this week in Germany at the annual meeting of the European Respiratory Society, told Reuters Health: "Our major finding is that children living near to waste sites, whether landfills or contaminated bodies of water, are hospitalized more frequently with acute respiratory infections," compared to children living in "clean" areas.
It may seem obvious, but Dr. Carpenter’s study comes to an important conclusion:
Carpenter said this study shows that exposure to organic pollutants and other contaminants can harm health and just living near to a contaminated site may cause exposure.
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Health Points: Friday

The World Health Organization will hold an urgent meeting this week to seek ways to deal with deadly strains of tuberculosis that are virtually untreatable with standard drugs.
The meeting, in Johannesburg on Thursday and Friday, comes in response to recent reports from a number of the world's regions about a small but growing number of cases of the deadly strains, known as extreme drug-resistant tuberculosis, or XDR-TB.
In a study of older obese adults with type 2 diabetes, "there was a strong relationship between muscle power/speed and poor mobility and balance," study co-author Rhonda Orr, a lecturer at the University of Sydney, in Australia, told Reuters Health. "Those individuals with lower muscle power and slower muscle speed had greater balance and mobility impairment."

The study also shows that older obese type 2 diabetics can benefit from low-intensity, low-impact Tai Chi exercises as well as from regular stretching and calisthenics.
I just had the "pleasure" of doing an adult circumcision today in the office under local anesthesia...
Part of an initiative called "Fit Kids Happy Kids," similar classes are being held throughout the Southwest, including Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico and Oklahoma, to curb childhood obesity rates.

"The earlier you start the development of these healthy habits, the better it is," said WIC dietitian and instructor Cindy Wachtler. "If you just start with changing one little thing, maybe that thing will stick and make a difference."
A report from ConsumerLab.com (CL), a company that tests and certifies supplements, suggests that some people might be ingesting too much lead as they try to keep cancer at bay. CL randomly selected various green tea preparations from store shelves, websites, and direct marketers and found that two out of four contained what is considered unacceptable levels of lead. Green tea products they recommend avoiding are Futurebiotics Premium Extract Standardized Green Tea tablets and Herbal Select Standardized Green Tea Extract. Products found to be totally free of lead are Life Extension Mega Green Tea Extract, Nature's Bounty Green Tea Extract, Pharmanex Tegreen 97, and Puritan's Pride Green Tea Extract.
The government reported Thursday that 4.4 percent of baby boomers ages 50 to 59 indicated they had used illicit drugs in the past month. It marks the third consecutive yearly increase recorded for that age group by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Meanwhile, illicit drug use among young teens went down for the third consecutive year, from 11.6 percent in 2002 to 9.9 percent in 2005.

Mercury and Teeth Fillings

One of the most reoccurring topics on DiseaseProof is the dangers of mercury, especially the contamination of fish, but mercury in teeth fillings is a new one. Andrew Bridges of the Associated Press explains there is an ongoing debate about whether or not these fillings should be allowed:
Consumer activists on Thursday pressed for at least a partial ban on dentists' use of a mercury-laden amalgam to fill cavities.

They made their demand as a Food and Drug Administration panel of experts met to review a government report that concluded silver dental fillings aren't dangerous, even though they expose patients to low levels of toxic mercury.

The FDA asked the panel to weigh in on whether the study -- a review of 34 recent research studies -- reflects current knowledge about the risks associated with the fillings. The FDA did not ask the panelists to discuss a ban.

The study found "no significant new information" that would change the agency's earlier determination that mercury-based fillings don't harm patients, except in rare cases where they have allergic reactions.

Consumer groups opposed to the use of mercury in dentistry dispute that conclusion. The groups petitioned the FDA earlier in the week for an immediate ban on use of the cavity-filler in pregnant women.
Dr. Fuhrman cautions that mercury and pregnant women simply shouldn’t mix. Here’s a short section from his book Eat to Live:
Higher levels of mercury found in mothers who eat more fish have been associated with birth defects, seizures, mental retardation, developmental disabilities, and cerebral palsy.1 This is mostly the result of women having eaten fish when they were pregnant.
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Pesticides On The Playfield

Have you ever seen those film reels from the 1950s of civic employees spraying DDT all over American neighborhoods? I vividly remember one scene where a massive pesticide cloud was festooned among young kiddies eating at a picnic table. Pretty crazy right?

After watching that I thought, well good thing we’ve become more sensible than this. I assumed we finally realized just how dangerous pesticides can be and how careful we need to be when using them, especially around children. Dr. Fuhrman will tell, early childhood exposure can be disastrous:
Young children are the ones most susceptible to toxic exposures, the National Academy of Science has issued warnings and position papers stating that exposure to pesticides in early life can increase cancer rates down the road as well as increasing the occurrence of mental and immune system disorders.1

We must be careful not to expose our children to chemical cleaners, insecticides, and weed killers on our lawns. Chemicals used in pressure-treated wood used to build lawn furniture, decks, fences, and swings sets have been shown to place children at risk. When children are around, we must be vigilant to maintain a chemical-free environment.
That’s why this post from Julie's Health Club made my jaw drop. A friend of Julie’s was finishing up a bike ride when she noticed a commercial truck spraying pesticides all over the playground of her children’s grade school. Yeah, I couldn’t believe it either. Read on:
Shocked by the unannounced spraying and that the worker wore no protective clothing, Liz tracked down the name of the chemicals and found that one of them had a half-life of 90 days, meaning children would be exposed to the chemical for at least 90 days.


According to a little-known state law, school districts must notify parents two days before spraying school grounds, including playgrounds or playing fields. Districts are also supposed to keep a list of parents who want to receive individual notification about spraying.

But as Liz found out, most schools don’t.
You don’t have to be a chemist to figure this out, with a 90 day half-life and schools beginning to reconvene, I’m pretty sure kids will be exposed to that stuff. Julie’s friend certainly got her revenge in a twist:
Almost immediately after the spraying, Liz contacted the school and was invited in for a meeting. Armed with a friend, a children’s epidemiologist from the EPA, she persuaded District 57 to change commercial companies, rewrite its outdoor pesticide policy and explore non-chemical deal with infestations.


But Liz didn’t stop there. When she also noticed spraying along the museum campus--in the middle of the day when children were romping in the grass--she contacted the Chicago Park District and hopes it will also work to reduce the use of pesticides on the lakefront.
I guess the lesson parents can take away from this is you can’t trust municipalities to safeguard your kids from pesticides. You’ve got to be your own watchdog. Julie agrees:
Parents, you have of a voice than you think when it comes to making schools safer places. If you’re concerned about whether your child is inhaling pesticides during football practice or recess, call the school and find out the policy, including which chemicals are used (ask for the materials data safety sheet), when the fields were last sprayed and what the chemicals target.
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